Overview
ISO 24352:2023 - Technical requirements for small unmanned aircraft electric energy systems - defines technical requirements and test methods for electric energy systems (EES) used in small unmanned aircraft (UA) with a maximum take-off mass (MTOM) under 25 kg. The standard applies to UAS levels I–IV (per ISO 21895:2020) and focuses on systems using secondary lithium batteries, while remaining applicable to future battery types. ISO 24352:2023 addresses design, performance, protection, testing and information interfaces needed to ensure safe, reliable energy supply for small UAS.
Key topics and requirements
- System functions and schematic - EES responsibilities include energy supply, measurement, estimation (SOC/SOH), distribution and control. Typical components named: AFE, gauge, MCU and interfaces to the FCS and RPS.
- Performance requirements - output control, actuation and shutdown times, rated output power, discharge capacity, cycle life, operational cycle life and recoverable hovering capability after thermal stress.
- Energy management & protection - mandatory functions such as SOC calculation, over/under voltage protection, over-temperature, over-current, overload and short-circuit protections.
- Information & alerts - requirements for status reporting to the UA flight control system and remote pilot station (warnings, LEDs, interfaces).
- Structural & electrical safety - connector integrity, enclosure protection (IP code references), measures to minimize electrical shock and guarantee reliable electrical connections.
- Environmental adaptability & testing - defined test methods and acceptance criteria for high temperature/humidity storage, temperature shock, low pressure, salt spray, drop, vibration and other real-world conditions.
- Test environment and procedures - standardized charging/discharging methods and normal atmospheric test conditions; includes identification, packaging, transport and storage guidance.
- Normative references - cross-references to ISO 21384-2, IEC 60529, IEC 62281:2019, IEC 60950 and the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria (Section 38.3).
Applications and users
Who benefits from ISO 24352:2023:
- UAV manufacturers and EES designers - for compliant system design and integration.
- Battery and component suppliers - to validate modules meet UAV-specific requirements.
- Test laboratories and certification bodies - for standard test methods and acceptance criteria.
- Regulators, operators and maintenance organizations - to assess safety, transport and operational readiness.
Practical uses include product development specifications, pre-certification testing, procurement criteria, risk mitigation and operational safety procedures for small UAS powered by lithium batteries.
Related standards
Keywords: ISO 24352:2023, small unmanned aircraft, electric energy systems, EES, secondary lithium batteries, UAS safety, battery protection, SOC, test methods.