Overview
ISO 24758-1:2025 - "Fine bubble technology - Evaluation method for determining the reactive oxygen species in ultrafine bubble dispersions - Part 1: Probe based kinetic model" specifies a standardized probe-based kinetic method to quantify reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in fine-bubble (FB) and ultrafine-bubble (UFB) dispersions used for advanced oxidation in wastewater treatment. The method is focused on short-lived ROS generated in substantial quantities (not physiological levels) and provides procedures to determine both the cumulative concentration and the time-point concentration of different ROS during a reaction sequence. This part does not apply to long-lived ROS such as ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and it does not define ROS-generation mechanisms or correlations between bubble size and ROS production.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Principle: Use of chemical probes and kinetic modeling to infer ROS concentrations over time.
- Applicable ROS: Short-lived reactive oxygen species (quantified via probe reaction kinetics); excludes long-lived ROS (O3, H2O2).
- Apparatus & analytical techniques:
- High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) for probe analysis.
- Gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC–ECD) and headspace sampling for certain probes.
- Reagents and probes: Selection of validated probe compounds (see informative annex for commonly used probes).
- Procedure: Introduce probes into FB/UFB systems, sample over time, measure probe concentration, and compute kinetic-model parameters.
- Data treatment: Calibration curves (HPLC–MS, GC–ECD), model development, verification, and reporting requirements.
- Environment & sample controls: Laboratory-grade water and controlled environmental/cleanroom considerations are referenced (normative references included).
Practical applications
- Optimization and validation of FB/UFB-facilitated advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for pollutant abatement in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
- Comparative performance testing of fine-bubble equipment and treatment modes (ozone, plasma, UV-coupled AOPs) where short-lived ROS drive oxidation.
- Quantitative monitoring for R&D projects studying ROS-mediated degradation pathways and process scale-up.
Who should use this standard
- Manufacturers of MB/UFB equipment seeking standardized performance evaluation.
- Wastewater treatment operators and environmental engineers assessing AOP performance.
- Analytical and environmental laboratories performing ROS quantification.
- Academic and industrial researchers developing FB-based remediation technologies.
Related standards and supportive content
- Normative references: ISO 3696, ISO 14644-1, ISO 20480-1:2017, ISO 23015.
- Informative annexes include lists of probes, example test results (ozone FB, plasma treatments), and R code for solving kinetic models.
Keywords: ISO 24758-1:2025, probe based kinetic model, reactive oxygen species, ROS measurement, ultrafine bubble, fine bubble technology, advanced oxidation, wastewater treatment, HPLC–MS, GC–ECD.