ASTM C1444-00 PDF

Full title and description

ASTM C1444-00 — Standard Test Method for Measuring the Angle of Repose of Free‑Flowing Mold Powders. This test method defines a procedure to determine the natural angle (angle of repose) formed by free‑flowing mold/molding powders and thereby assess their flowability for handling and processing.

Abstract

This withdrawn ASTM test method (designation C1444, year 2000) specifies a laboratory procedure to measure the angle of repose of free‑flowing mold powders. The result gives an indication of powder flowability as influenced by particle size, shape and bulk density; units are given in degrees and the procedure references both inch‑pound and SI conventions. The standard was withdrawn in 2005 due to limited industry use.

General information

• Status: Withdrawn (withdrawal effective December 2005).
• Publication date: October 10, 2000 (Designation C1444‑00).
• Publisher: ASTM International (formerly American Society for Testing and Materials).
• ICS / categories: ICS 71.100 — Products of the chemical industry (classification applied in cataloging).
• Edition / version: C1444‑00 (year 2000).
• Number of pages: 2 pages (short test method).

Scope

The standard test method applies to free‑flowing mold powders and provides a procedure for determining the angle of repose (the natural slope angle at which material will flow). It notes that particle size, shape and bulk density affect flowability and that higher angles indicate less tendency to flow. The method reports results in degrees and provides values in inch‑pound units with SI equivalents for information. The standard also includes a disclaimer that it does not address all safety concerns associated with use.

Key topics and requirements

• Definition and significance of angle of repose as a simple indicator of powder flowability for mold/molding powders.
• Specified apparatus and test setup for forming a natural pile (free‑flow cone / repose measurement) and measuring the resulting angle.
• Guidance on sample handling, test repeatability and reporting results in degrees (inch‑pound units are primary; SI values for information).
• Notes on factors that influence results — particle size, shape, bulk density — and limitations of the test for predicting all aspects of industrial flow.
• Statement that the method was withdrawn because of limited use in industry; users should verify applicability and consider alternative or more widely used flowability tests where appropriate.

Typical use and users

Historically used by foundries, refractory and mold‑powder producers, quality control laboratories, and research groups concerned with the handling and performance of molding powders. Typical applications included production control, comparative characterization of mould powders, and pre‑processing quality checks in steel and foundry industries. Because the standard is withdrawn, practitioners commonly refer to other ASTM methods or international standards for routine powder flow assessment.

Related standards

Related ASTM methods and documents that address mold‑powder properties and powder testing include other C08 committee standards (for example, viscosity and high‑temperature behavior test methods) and referenced materials such as ASTM C1276 (viscosity of mold powders) and other specifications that touch on powder handling. Users should consult current C08 committee publications for active/replacement methods.

Keywords

angle of repose; flowability; mold powders; molding flux; free‑flowing powders; refractories; powder handling; ASTM C1444.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM C1444‑00 is a short ASTM test method that defined a procedure to measure the angle of repose of free‑flowing mold powders. The designation indicates the version published in 2000.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers a laboratory procedure to create a natural powder pile and measure the resulting slope angle (angle of repose) to assess powder flowability; it states factors that influence results (particle size, shape, bulk density) and provides units and reporting guidance.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Intended users were foundry and refractory technologists, powder producers, QC laboratories, and researchers working with molding powders. Because the standard has been withdrawn, users should confirm whether an alternative or updated method is appropriate for their needs.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The standard was withdrawn (withdrawal effective December 2005) and is listed as withdrawn without replacement; it is not an active ASTM designation for current use.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It was developed under ASTM Committee C08 (Refractories) and was published as part of the C‑08 portfolio of mold and refractory test methods; related C08 standards cover complementary properties (viscosity, melting behavior, etc.).

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Angle of repose; free‑flowing; mold powders; flowability; refractories; powder testing; molding flux.