ASTM D4039-09 (2023) PDF

Full title and description

St ASTM D4039-09 (2023) — Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-Gloss Surfaces. This method defines a practical procedure to quantify reflection haze (haze index) on high‑gloss, nonmetallic surfaces by using two specular gloss measurements (20° and 60°) and reporting their difference as a haze index.

Abstract

This test method obtains a haze index by measuring specular gloss at 60° and 20° (per Test Method D523) and computing H = G60 − G20. It is intended for high‑gloss, nonmetallic specimens (typically those with 60° specular gloss > 70 GU) and is used to assess the milky “halo” or loss of reflected contrast caused by microscopic surface imperfections. Limitations and measurement geometry are described in the method.

General information

• Status: Active (current designation D4039-09 with 2023 reissue notation).
• Publication date: 01 June 2023 (listed as ASTM D4039-09(2023) / reissue of the D4039−09 designation).
• Publisher: ASTM International.
• ICS / categories: 87.040 (Paints and varnishes; appearance measurement / coatings).
• Edition / version: Designation D4039−09 (reapproved/reissued notation to 2023: shown as D4039-09(2023)).
• Number of pages: 3 (concise test method format).

Scope

Defines a reflection‑haze index for high‑gloss nonmetallic surfaces by using two specular gloss geometries (20° and 60°). The method is particularly useful for evaluating haze in clear finishes on nonmetallic substrates and for assessing reflected image quality of glossy pigmented finishes. It is not intended for metallic surfaces and results are sensitive to material refractive index and instrument geometry.

Key topics and requirements

• Principle: measure specular gloss at 60° and 20° and compute haze index H = G60 − G20.
• Applicability: nonmetallic surfaces, typically where 60° specular gloss > 70 GU (high‑gloss range).
• Instrumentation: glossmeter capable of 20° and 60° geometries and traceable calibration (mirror/standard tile per D523).
• Reporting: haze index expressed in Haze Units (HU) as the numeric difference between the two gloss readings; include instrument geometry and calibration status.
• Specimen preparation and environmental control: condition specimens and follow specimen size/flatness guidance in the method and referenced gloss standard (D523).
• Limitations: refractive index differences and metallic effects can affect H; method is intended for comparative and QC measurements rather than all acceptance testing contexts.

Typical use and users

Used by paint and coatings manufacturers, quality control labs, automotive and consumer‑goods finish departments, plastics and packaging producers, surface‑inspection instrument manufacturers, and independent testing laboratories for production QC, incoming inspection, and appearance troubleshooting where reflection haze affects perceived quality. Glossmeter and instrument vendors also reference the method when specifying haze features.

Related standards

Closely related to ASTM Test Method D523 (Specular Gloss), and harmonized/used alongside other appearance standards such as ASTM E430, ISO 2813 / ISO 7668, and relevant JIS/industry gloss/haze methods. Instruments reporting haze often list conformance to D4039 together with D523 and comparable ISO methods.

Keywords

reflection haze, haze index, Haze Units, specular gloss, glossmeter, high‑gloss surfaces, ASTM D4039, D523, appearance measurement, 20°/60° geometry, haze measurement.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM D4039-09 (2023) is the Standard Test Method for Reflection Haze of High‑Gloss Surfaces; it defines how to calculate a haze index from 60° and 20° specular gloss measurements.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers the procedure to measure and report reflection haze (H = G60 − G20) for nonmetallic, high‑gloss surfaces, including measurement geometry and typical applicability limits.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Coatings and paint manufacturers, automotive finish labs, plastics and packaging producers, QC/test labs, and instrument manufacturers use it for assessing appearance defects (haze) that reduce reflected contrast.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The method is shown with the D4039−09 designation and a 2023 reissue notation (D4039-09(2023)) and is listed as active; users should confirm the latest status from ASTM International before formal specification or contract referencing.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It is commonly used with ASTM D523 (specular gloss) and other appearance/optical standards (e.g., ASTM E430, ISO 2813/ISO 7668); instrument vendors often reference this family when specifying haze and gloss capabilities.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Reflection haze, haze index (H = G60 − G20), specular gloss, haze units (HU), high‑gloss, glossmeter, ASTM D4039, ASTM D523.