ASTM D4970/D4970M-22 PDF
Name in English:
St ASTM D4970/D4970M-22
Name in Russian:
Ст ASTM D4970/D4970M-22
Original standard ASTM D4970/D4970M-22 in PDF full version. Additional info + preview on request
Full title and description
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22 — Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester. Specifies the Martindale method for evaluating pilling, fuzzing and related surface changes of knit, woven and nonwoven textile fabrics under controlled laboratory conditions.
Abstract
This test method describes mounting textile specimens on a Martindale tester and subjecting them to a defined Lissajous rubbing motion against standard abradants (felt or like specimens) to simulate wear. After a specified number of cycles the specimen surface is assessed visually (rating scales or reference photographs) for pilling, fuzzing or other appearance changes. The method is suitable for most fabric constructions but may be limited by specimen thickness and holder capacity.
General information
- Status: Current (active standard).
- Publication date: 2022 — current edition approved Nov 1, 2022; published December 2022 (commonly cataloged with a 1 Nov 2022 date in standards listings).
- Publisher: ASTM International (American Society for Testing and Materials).
- ICS / categories: 59.080.30 (Textile fabrics).
- Edition / version: D4970/D4970M-22.
- Number of pages: 5 pages (concise test method document).
Scope
This standard covers the determination of resistance to pill formation and related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester. It is generally applicable to knit, woven and nonwoven fabrics; fabrics thicker than the specimen-holder capacity (typically about 3 mm) may not be suitable. The standard permits preconditioning such as laundering or dry-cleaning when agreed between parties and defines reporting and unit conventions for SI and inch‑pound systems.
Key topics and requirements
- Test apparatus: Martindale (Lissajous motion) pilling/abrasion tester and specified abradant (standard felt).
- Specimen preparation and mounting, including conditioning prior to test.
- Applied pressure, number of cycles (revolutions/patterns) and sequence of motion to simulate wear.
- Visual assessment procedures and grading/appearance reference scales (rating cards or photographs).
- Limitations: specimen thickness and suitability for certain fabric constructions; safety and health considerations to be addressed by the user.
Typical use and users
Used by textile test laboratories, quality control departments, fabric and garment manufacturers, research and development groups, and specifiers who need repeatable, comparative data on pilling and surface appearance after simulated wear. Also referenced in procurement and compliance testing where appearance retention is relevant.
Related standards
Related pilling and appearance test methods include ASTM D3511/D3511M (Brush pilling tester), D3512/D3512M (Random tumble pilling tester), D3514 (Elastomeric pad method) and other appearance retention methods such as D1375; consult Committee D13 documents for cross-references and complementary methods.
Keywords
pilling; pilling resistance; Martindale; fuzzing; appearance retention; textile fabrics; abrasion; Lissajous motion; specimen conditioning; fabric testing.
FAQ
Q: What is this standard?
A: ASTM D4970/D4970M-22 is a standardized laboratory test method that uses the Martindale tester to evaluate pilling resistance and related surface changes of textile fabrics.
Q: What does it cover?
A: It covers specimen preparation, test apparatus and conditions (Martindale motion and pressures), number of cycles, and visual assessment/rating of pilling, fuzzing and other surface appearance changes; it also notes limitations such as specimen thickness.
Q: Who typically uses it?
A: Textile test labs, fabric and garment manufacturers, QC teams, R&D groups and procurement/specification engineers use it to compare fabrics and assess appearance performance.
Q: Is it current or superseded?
A: It is current. The designation D4970/D4970M-22 is the 2022 revision (revises the 2016 edition).
Q: Is it part of a series?
A: It is one of several ASTM pilling/appearance test methods maintained by Committee D13; other methods (D3511, D3512, D3514, D1375, etc.) address alternate tester types and procedures.
Q: What are the key keywords?
A: Pilling, pilling resistance, Martindale, fabric appearance, fuzzing, abrasion, textile testing.