ISO 13937-1-2000 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 13937-1:2000 — Textiles — Tear properties of fabrics — Part 1: Determination of tear force using ballistic pendulum method (Elmendorf). This part specifies a dynamic (ballistic pendulum / Elmendorf) test method to determine the tear force required to propagate a tear in a textile test specimen.

Abstract

This standard defines the Elmendorf (ballistic pendulum) procedure for measuring the tear force of textile fabrics. It covers apparatus, specimen preparation, conditioning, test procedure, calculation and test reporting. The method is mainly intended for woven fabrics and similar planar textile constructions; it is not suitable for certain knits, loose or highly anisotropic constructions or coated textiles that do not tear in a straight-fiber manner. A technical corrigendum (2004) amends the original text.

General information

• Status: Published — confirmed (reviewed) and maintained as the 2000 edition.
• Publication date: April 2000 (Edition 1).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 59.080.30 (Textiles).
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (2000); ISO 13937-1:2000/Cor 1:2004 (Technical Corrigendum).
• Number of pages: 10 pages (main publication).

Scope

Specifies a method for determining the force required to propagate a tear from a pre-cut in a textile specimen using a ballistic pendulum (Elmendorf) tester. The procedure covers sampling, specimen cutting, conditioning atmosphere, mounting in the tester, release and reading of the pendulum, calculation of tear force and reporting of results. The method is intended primarily for woven fabrics and other planar constructions that tear in a straight-fiber manner; it excludes many knitted, highly anisotropic, very loose, elastic-woven or coated constructions where the test is inappropriate.

Key topics and requirements

• Definition of the Elmendorf (ballistic pendulum) test principle and required apparatus (pendulum calibrated in force or energy units).
• Specification of specimen shapes, sizes and orientation relative to fabric structure.
• Preconditioning and atmosphere requirements for specimens (standard textile conditioning).
• Detailed test procedure: clamping, pre-cut initiation, pendulum release and reading method.
• Calculation and expression of results (conversion of pendulum reading to tear force; reporting of mean, individual results and test conditions).
• Limitations, applicability notes and informative annexes (sampling and examples).

Typical use and users

Used by textile manufacturers, independent test laboratories, quality control departments, research institutions and standards bodies to assess and compare the tear resistance of woven fabrics and similar planar textile products. Typical applications include incoming raw-material testing, production quality checks, product development and performance benchmarking for apparel, home textiles, industrial fabrics and technical textiles where Elmendorf tear force is a relevant property.

Related standards

ISO 13937 is a multipart series; related parts include ISO 13937-2 (trouser-shaped single-tear method), ISO 13937-3 (wing-shaped single-tear method) and ISO 13937-4 (tongue-shaped double-tear test). ISO 13937-1:2000 superseded earlier guidance (for example ISO 9290:1990); a technical corrigendum (ISO 13937-1:2000/Cor 1:2004) amends the 2000 edition. Regional/adopted versions (EN ISO / national equivalents) exist for application within different markets.

Keywords

Elmendorf, ballistic pendulum, tear force, tear properties, textiles, tear resistance, specimen preparation, conditioning, test method, ISO 13937.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 13937-1:2000 is an international standard that specifies the Elmendorf (ballistic pendulum) method for determining the tear force of textile fabrics.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers apparatus, specimen cutting and orientation, conditioning, the Elmendorf test procedure, calculation of tear force and reporting requirements, plus applicability and limitations of the method.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Textile manufacturers, independent testing laboratories, quality-control personnel, textile researchers and standards organizations use it for assessing tear resistance of suitable fabric types.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The 2000 edition (ISO 13937-1:2000) is the published edition and has an associated technical corrigendum (2004). The edition has been subject to ISO periodic review; confirm current status with the national or international standards body before purchase or formal citation.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO 13937 is a multipart standard. Other parts (for different specimen shapes and single/double tear methods) include ISO 13937-2, ISO 13937-3 and ISO 13937-4.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Elmendorf, tear force, tear properties, textiles, tear resistance, ballistic pendulum, specimen preparation, conditioning.