ISO 3595-1976 rus PDF

Full title and description

ISO 3595:1976 — "Milk fat — Detection of vegetable fat by the phytosteryl acetate test". This International Standard specifies a laboratory procedure to detect the presence of common vegetable fats in milk fat using a phytosteryl (phytosteryl acetate / sterol) based test. The original publication languages are English and French; no official ISO Russian-language text was located in primary listings (national translations may exist).

Abstract

Specifies a detection method based on saponification of the fat, precipitation of sterols as sterol-digitonides (by addition of ethanolic digitonin), acetylation of the steryl digitonides to steryl acetates, determination of the melting point of the steryl acetates, and microscopic examination of crystal form after reconversion to sterols. The method provides qualitative evidence of the presence of vegetable fat in milk fat.

General information

• Status: Withdrawn (ISO record shows the standard as withdrawn).
• Publication date: December 1976 (Edition 1, 1976).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 67.100.10 — Milk and milk products.
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (1976).
• Number of pages: 5 pages.

( bibliographic and status data from ISO catalogue and national standards catalogues ).

Scope

Provides a laboratory procedure intended to detect, in milk fat, the presence of vegetable-origin fats (phytosterol-containing fats) by converting sterols into acetates and examining their melting behaviour and crystalline appearance. The method is a detection (qualitative) technique rather than a full quantitative determination; it has historically been used alongside or compared with chromatographic reference methods.

Key topics and requirements

• Sample preparation: saponification of fat to free sterols.
• Precipitation of sterols as sterol-digitonides using digitonin.
• Chemical conversion (acetylation) of steryl digitonides to steryl acetates.
• Determination of steryl acetate melting point and microscopic examination of crystal form after reconversion to sterols.
• Interpretation: presence of characteristic phytosterols (e.g., β‑sitosterol peaks in chromatographic methods) indicates vegetable fat; this phytosteryl acetate test provides corroborative detection rather than full profiling.
• Note: Gas‑liquid chromatography of sterols is cited as a reference / complementary method in the same family of ISO procedures.

Typical use and users

Used historically by dairy testing laboratories, food control authorities, research labs and manufacturers for screening milk fat and dairy products for adulteration with vegetable fats. National standards bodies and regulatory agencies have used or referenced this method in food control guidance; however, many jurisdictions now rely on chromatographic or instrumental methods for confirmatory testing.

Related standards

Closely related to ISO 3594:1976 (Milk fat — Detection of vegetable fat by gas‑liquid chromatography of sterols), which serves as a chromatographic reference method. Other AOAC and national methods for sterol analysis and modern GC/GC‑MS methods are typically used as alternatives or confirmatory tests.

Keywords

milk fat; vegetable fat detection; phytosteryl acetate; sterols; sterol digitonide; digitonin; acetylation; dairy adulteration; qualitative screening.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 3595:1976 is an ISO method titled "Milk fat — Detection of vegetable fat by the phytosteryl acetate test" that describes a laboratory screening procedure to detect vegetable fats in milk fat.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers a qualitative laboratory procedure based on saponification, precipitation of sterols as digitonides, acetylation to steryl acetates, melting‑point determination of the acetates and microscopic examination of crystal form to indicate the presence of vegetable sterols in milk fat. The test is primarily a detection/screening method.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Historically, dairy laboratories, food inspection agencies and industrial quality control labs used this test as a screening tool; confirmatory analysis has commonly been performed by chromatographic methods (e.g., ISO 3594:1976 or modern GC/GC‑MS methods).

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: ISO 3595:1976 is listed as withdrawn in the ISO catalogue. National and standards reseller records also mark it as not current; different catalogues note withdrawal at different times. For modern practice, chromatographic reference methods and contemporary instrumental techniques are generally preferred for confirmation. Users should consult their national standards body for any adopted/replaced national equivalents or updated methods.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO 3595 is part of a cluster of ISO methods addressing detection of vegetable fat in milk and dairy products; ISO 3594:1976 is the gas‑liquid chromatography reference method in the same area. Other related methods and national standards may exist.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Milk fat, vegetable fat, phytosterol, phytosteryl acetate, sterol digitonide, digitonin, acetylation, dairy adulteration, sterol chromatography.