ASTM C597-22 PDF

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The ultrasonic pulse velocity, V, of longitudinal ultrasonic stress waves in a concrete mass is related to its elastic properties and density according to the following relationship: where: E = dynamic modulus of elasticity, μ = dynamic Poisson's ratio, and ρ = density. 5.2 This test method is applicable to assess the uniformity and relative quality of concrete, to indicate the presence of voids and cracks, and to evaluate the effectiveness of crack repairs. It is also applicable to indicate changes in the properties of concrete, and in the survey of structures, to estimate the severity of deterioration or cracking. If used to monitor changes in condition over time, test locations are to be marked on the structure to ensure that tests are repeated at the same positions. 5.3 The degree of saturation of the concrete affects the ultrasonic pulse velocity, and this factor must be considered when evaluating test results (Note 1). In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity in saturated concrete is less sensitive to changes in its relative quality. Note 1: The ultrasonic pulse velocity in saturated concrete may be up to 5 % higher than in dry concrete.3 5.4 The ultrasonic pulse velocity is independent of the dimensions of the test object provided reflected waves from boundaries do not complicate the determination of the arrival time of the directly transmitted pulse. The least dimension of the test object must exceed the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrations (Note 2). Note 2: The wavelength of the vibrations equals the ultrasonic pulse velocity divided by the frequency of vibrations. For example, for a frequency of 54 kHz and a pulse velocity of 3500 m/s, the wavelength is 3500/54000 = 0.065 m. 5.5 The accuracy of the measurement depends upon the ability of the operator to determine precisely the distance between the transducers and of the equipment to measure precisely the ultrasonic pulse transit time. The receive... SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propagation velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic stress wave pulses through concrete. This test method does not apply to the propagation of other types of stress waves through concrete. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.