Surface chemical analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Method of intensity calibration for quartz-crystal monochromated Al Kα XPS instruments
Surface chemical analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Method of intensity calibration for quartz-crystal monochromated Al Kα XPS instruments
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1 Scope This document specifies a procedure by which the intensity scale of an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer that employs a concentric hemispherical analyser can be calibrated using low-density poly(ethylene). This document is applicable to instruments using quartz-crystal-monochromated Al Kα X-rays and is suitable for all instrument geometries. The intensity calibration is only valid for the specific settings of the instrument (pass energy or retardation ratio, lens mode, slit and aperture settings) used during the calibration procedure. The intensity calibration is applicable at kinetic energies higher than 180 eV. The intensity calibration is suitable for instruments that do not have an ion gun for the purpose of cleaning metal specimens in-situ (i.e. Au, Ag, Cu), or exhibit detector saturation when these specimens are measured using standard instrument parameters. This document is not applicable to XPS instruments which do not have a system of charge compensation, or instruments that have a non-linear intensity response. This document is not applicable to instruments and operating modes which generate significant intensity from electrons scattered internally in the spectrometer (i.e. >1 % contribution of scattering intensity to the total spectral intensity).
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