ISO 10478-1994 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 10478:1994 — Petroleum products — Determination of aluminium and silicon in fuel oils — Inductively coupled plasma emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy methods. This International Standard specifies sample preparation (combustion, fusion and acid digestion) and measurement procedures using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‑OES/ICP‑AES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) for quantifying aluminium and silicon in fuel oils.

Abstract

The method described involves heating a weighed, homogenized sample to remove combustible material, removing carbon by heating, fusing the residue with a dilithium tetraborate/lithium fluoride flux, digesting the fused material in tartaric acid and hydrochloric acid, diluting to volume with water and measuring the resulting solution by ICP‑OES or AAS. Applicable concentration ranges are typically 5 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg for aluminium and 10 mg/kg to 250 mg/kg for silicon.

General information

• Status: Published / International Standard (confirmed at review stages shown in ISO lifecycle).
• Publication date: August 1994 (1 August 1994).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 75.160.20 (Liquid fuels / fuel oils).
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (1994).
• Number of pages: 7 pages (typical official pagination).

Scope

This standard applies to the determination of aluminium and silicon in fuel oils by the specified wet‑chemical sample preparation followed by ICP optical emission spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry. It is intended for routine laboratory analysis of fuel oils where Al and Si concentrations fall within the method's effective ranges; it does not cover instrumentation setup beyond standard ICP/AAS practice nor alternative analytical routes (e.g., XRF) unless explicitly validated.

Key topics and requirements

• Sample homogenization and accurate weighing of fuel oil samples.
• Removal of combustible material by controlled heating and carbon removal before fusion.
• Fusion of residues with dilithium tetraborate / lithium fluoride flux to convert sample to a form suitable for acid digestion.
• Acid digestion in tartaric acid and hydrochloric acid and dilution to a defined final volume.
• Measurement by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‑OES/ICP‑AES) or atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), including calibration and quality‑control practices.
• Method detection/quantitation ranges: Al ≈ 5–150 mg/kg; Si ≈ 10–250 mg/kg (method‑specific limits depend on instrumentation and lab practice).
• Attention to contamination control, blank determinations and interferences that can affect Al and Si measurement accuracy.

Typical use and users

Used by petroleum testing laboratories, refinery quality control teams, fuel suppliers, contract testing services and regulatory or standards organizations concerned with trace metal contamination in fuel oils. Typical applications include quality control of fuel batches, investigation of deposit‑forming contaminants and compliance testing for industrial and marine fuel specifications.

Related standards

ISO 10478 is part of the body of ISO/TC 28 petroleum product test methods. Laboratories using this method commonly reference other ISO fuel analysis standards for complementary determinations (e.g., sediment, sulfur, water content and other trace‑element methods). National adoptions (e.g., SS‑ISO 10478) and catalog listings are available from national bodies and standards distributors.

Keywords

ISO 10478, fuel oil, petroleum products, aluminium, silicon, ICP‑OES, ICP‑AES, atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS, sample fusion, acid digestion, trace metals, liquid fuels, ISO/TC 28.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 10478:1994 is an International Standard that defines laboratory procedures for determining aluminium and silicon in fuel oils using sample fusion and subsequent measurement by ICP optical emission or atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers sample preparation (combustion, fusion and acid digestion), dilution and analytical measurement by ICP‑OES/ICP‑AES or AAS, including typical concentration ranges and recommendations to control contamination and interferences. It does not specify alternative instrumental techniques unless validated separately.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Petroleum and fuel testing laboratories, refineries, fuel suppliers, regulatory laboratories and agencies, and any organization performing trace‑metal quality control on fuel oils.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The ISO catalogue shows ISO 10478:1994 as the published International Standard and lists its review history, with confirmations recorded in ISO lifecycle notes (confirmed at various review stages, most recently noted in ISO's lifecycle). Users should check their national standards body or the ISO catalogue for any amendments, national adoptions or later revisions.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: It belongs to the portfolio of ISO/TC 28 (petroleum products and lubricants) methods for fuel and lubricant analysis; while not a multipart standard itself, it complements other ISO methods for fuel testing. National adoptions (SS‑ISO, EN‑ISO, etc.) may exist.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Aluminium, silicon, fuel oils, ICP‑OES, AAS, fusion, digestion, trace metals, petroleum analysis, ISO 10478.