ISO 12947-4-1998 PDF

Full title and description

ISO 12947-4:1998 — Textiles — Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method — Part 4: Assessment of appearance change. This part defines a Martindale-based procedure for assessing change of appearance caused by abrasion for all textile fabrics (including nonwovens) and describes visual evaluation criteria and relevant specimen preparation and test conditions.

Abstract

This part of ISO 12947 specifies a method for assessing appearance change of specimens subject to abrasion in the Martindale tester. It is intended for fabrics where the required performance endpoint is appearance rather than yarn or fabric breakdown; the method and assessment differ from the procedures given in ISO 12947-2 and ISO 12947-3. Normative references include ISO 12947-1 (apparatus) and test atmosphere standards.

General information

• Status: Published (International Standard; confirmed in periodic review).
• Publication date: December 1998 (1998-12; commonly cited implementation date 20 December 1998).
• Publisher: International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
• ICS / categories: 59.080.30 — Textile fabrics.
• Edition / version: Edition 1 (1998); Technical Corrigendum ISO 12947-4:1998/Cor 1:2002 issued.
• Number of pages: 8 pages.

These bibliographic and lifecycle details are taken from the ISO bibliographic record and national standards catalogues.

Scope

This part of ISO 12947 is applicable to assessment of the appearance change of specimens covering all textile fabrics, including nonwovens, where the specifier’s primary concern is loss of appearance rather than complete fabric breakdown. It specifies specimen preparation, conditioning, the Martindale test parameters relevant to appearance assessment, and visual evaluation procedures (including reference to greyscale assessment where appropriate). The method is intended for use in laboratory quality control, material development and comparative evaluation of abrasion-related appearance change.

Key topics and requirements

• Purpose: assessment of appearance change caused by abrasion using the Martindale apparatus.
• Test apparatus reference: Martindale abrasion tester (see ISO 12947-1 for apparatus details).
• Specimen preparation and conditioning in standard atmospheres before testing (reference ISO 139).
• Definition of test cycles and recommended evaluation intervals for appearance assessment.
• Visual assessment criteria and use of greyscale/reference scales for rating change in appearance and colour (reference ISO 105‑A02 where applicable).
• Guidance on reporting test conditions and results to ensure reproducibility and comparison between laboratories.

The above topics reflect the principal elements specified or referenced by the standard for consistent appearance assessment.

Typical use and users

Typical users include textile manufacturers, quality control and testing laboratories, research and development teams, product specifiers and brands, and conformity assessment bodies. The standard is commonly used for production QC, comparative material selection, labelling claims about abrasion-related appearance life, and R&D screening of finishes or yarns.

Related standards

ISO 12947 is a multipart series; related documents include ISO 12947-1 (Martindale apparatus), ISO 12947-2 (determination of specimen breakdown), ISO 12947-3 (other assessment modes), ISO 12947-4 corrigendum (2002), and other referenced test standards such as ISO 105‑A02 (grey scale for change in colour) and ISO 139 (conditioning atmospheres). Equivalent or related abrasion methods (different applications) include ISO 5470-2 and various national adaptations.

Keywords

Martindale, abrasion resistance, textiles, appearance change, visual assessment, nonwovens, conditioning atmosphere, grey scale, ISO 12947 series.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ISO 12947-4:1998 is Part 4 of the ISO 12947 series; it specifies a Martindale-based method for assessment of appearance change of fabrics subjected to abrasion.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers specimen preparation, conditioning, test parameters relevant to appearance testing in the Martindale apparatus, and procedures for visual evaluation of appearance change (including reference to greyscale methods for colour change).

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Textile manufacturers, QC and test laboratories, R&D teams, product specifiers and conformity assessment bodies use the standard for quality control, comparative testing and product development.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The 1998 edition (Edition 1) remains the published edition; a technical corrigendum was issued in 2002. The ISO bibliographic record shows the publication has been through periodic review and was confirmed as current in the ISO review cycle (confirmed in recent review activity). Users should check with their national standards body or ISO to confirm status before procurement or citation in authoritative documents.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: Yes — ISO 12947 is a multipart standard dealing with the Martindale method; Part 1 covers apparatus, Part 2 and Part 3 cover different assessment endpoints, and Part 4 covers appearance change.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Martindale, abrasion resistance, appearance change, textiles, nonwovens, grey scale, conditioning, ISO 12947.