ASTM C1074-19e1 PDF

Full title and description

ASTM C1074-19e1 — Standard Practice for Estimating Concrete Strength by the Maturity Method. Provides a standardized procedure to estimate in-place or specimen compressive strength from recorded temperature history using maturity functions (temperature–time factor or equivalent age) and a calibrated strength–maturity relationship for the concrete mixture.

Abstract

This practice describes how to (1) develop a strength–maturity relationship in the laboratory for a given concrete mixture, (2) record the temperature history of field concrete, and (3) compute maturity (either temperature-time factor or equivalent age) to estimate strength for decisions such as form removal, reshoring, post-tensioning, cold-weather protection termination, and opening to traffic. The document also summarizes limitations and accuracy considerations (datum temperature or Q-value selection) and includes appendices for determining To or Q when high accuracy is required.

General information

• Status: Published / active (current edition C1074-19 with editorial revision e1).
• Publication date: Current edition approved June 1, 2019; published (issued) mid‑2019 (document recorded with 2019 publication). Editorial correction (e1) applied (placement of select figures corrected January 2021).
• Publisher: ASTM International.
• ICS / categories: 91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products).
• Edition / version: C1074-19e1 (2019 edition with editorial change e1).
• Number of pages: 11 pages (standard length as published).

Scope

This practice provides a procedure for estimating concrete strength by the maturity method, expressing maturity either as a temperature–time factor or as an equivalent age at a specified temperature. It requires establishing the strength–maturity relationship in the laboratory for the specific mixture and recording the temperature history of concrete whose strength is to be estimated. SI units are the reference for the maturity index. Safety and applicability considerations are noted.

Key topics and requirements

• Definition and computation of maturity (temperature–time factor and equivalent age).
• Laboratory calibration to develop a strength–maturity relationship for each concrete mixture (specimen molding, sensor placement, testing ages).
• Requirements for temperature recording in the field and for specimens used to establish calibration (sensor depth, number of specimens, history recording).
• Use of datum temperature (To) or activation-energy (Q) approach and guidance on selecting/determining these parameters (appendices provide procedures and approximate values).
• Limitations and accuracy considerations (method assumes continuing hydration, does not account for late-age temperature effects on long-term strength, and should be supplemented by other indicators where appropriate).
• Typical applications: timing of formwork removal/reshoring, post-tensioning, end of cold-weather protection, and opening pavement to traffic.

Typical use and users

Primary users include structural and materials engineers, contractors, field technicians, testing laboratories, and researchers involved in early-age concrete quality control and construction scheduling. Typical uses are on-site maturity monitoring for formwork/reshoring decisions, accelerated or nonstandard curing scenarios, and large/mass concrete pours where in-place strength information is critical. Accredited labs and construction firms commonly implement the practice alongside maturity hardware and data-loggers.

Related standards

Cited and related ASTM standards include (but are not limited to) ASTM C31/C31M, C39/C39M, C78/C78M, C109/C109M, C125 (terminology), C192/C192M, C1768/C1768M, C900, C918/C918M, C803/C803M, and C873/C873M — documents referenced within C1074 for specimen preparation, strength testing, terminology, and related procedures.

Keywords

maturity method; maturity index; temperature–time factor; equivalent age; strength–maturity relationship; early-age concrete; in-place strength estimation; datum temperature; Q‑value.

FAQ

Q: What is this standard?

A: ASTM C1074-19e1 is the ASTM standard practice that defines how to estimate concrete compressive strength from temperature history using maturity methods (temperature–time factor or equivalent age) after calibrating a strength–maturity relationship for the mixture.

Q: What does it cover?

A: It covers procedures for developing the strength–maturity calibration in the lab, embedding and recording temperature sensors, computing maturity, using datum temperature or Q approaches, typical applications (form removal, post-tensioning, etc.), and known limitations and accuracy considerations. Appendices give additional guidance on parameter determination.

Q: Who typically uses it?

A: Structural/materials engineers, contractors, field technicians, testing laboratories, and researchers use it for early-age strength estimation and construction timing decisions. Testing labs and firms that supply maturity systems often implement it as part of quality-control programs.

Q: Is it current or superseded?

A: The C1074-19 edition with editorial revision e1 is the 2019 edition (editorial corrections noted in January 2021) and is the active practice from 2019. As of February 20, 2026 there is an ASTM work item (WK97581) to revise C1074 (revision activity initiated in 2026), so users should check for any newer edition or ballot results if they need the very latest revision activity.

Q: Is it part of a series?

A: C1074 is part of ASTM Committee C09 (Concrete and Concrete Aggregates) publications and is linked by reference to many related ASTM test methods/practices for specimen making, curing, terminology, and strength testing; it is the dedicated maturity-method practice within the suite of concrete testing standards.

Q: What are the key keywords?

A: Maturity, maturity index, temperature–time factor, equivalent age, strength–maturity relationship, datum temperature, Q-value, early-age concrete, in-place strength.