Overview
EN ISO 1927-1:2012 (ISO 1927-1:2012) covers terminology, product types and a classification system for monolithic (unshaped) refractory products. It defines terms and classification rules for castables, gunning materials, ramming and plastic materials, jointing materials and other unshaped refractories. The standard excludes raw materials and crushed or granulated refractory materials that do not contain a binder.
Key Topics
- Terms and definitions: clear definitions for monolithic (unshaped) refractory materials, pre‑formed shapes, nature of the bond, granulometric class, yield by volume and deflocculating agent.
- Product types & placement methods:
- Refractory castables - dry mixes activated by water or liquid; placed by casting with/without vibration, rodding, shotcreting or tamping.
- Regular castable (hydraulic bond, no deflocculant).
- Deflocculated castable - hydraulic binder + deflocculant and ≥2% ultra‑fine particles (<1 μm); categorized by CaO content:
- MCC (Medium cement castable): CaO > 2.5%
- LCC (Low cement castable): CaO > 1.0% and ≤ 2.5%
- ULCC (Ultra‑low cement castable): CaO > 0.2% and ≤ 1.0%
- NCC (No cement castable): CaO 0–0.2%
- Chemically bonded castable (hardens by chemical reaction at ambient temperature).
- Gunning materials - prepared for pneumatic/mechanical projection; can be hydraulically, chemically or ceramic bonded.
- Ramming & plastic materials - non‑coherent mixes or coherent plastic products placed by ramming or vibration; harden when heated.
- Jointing materials and other unshaped refractories.
- Bond types: hydraulic, ceramic (sintering), chemical (inorganic/organic‑inorganic) and organic bonds - classification depends on the hardening mechanism.
- Classification rules: by main raw material, classification temperature and other designation details (e.g., granulometry, yield).
- Important note: laboratory properties may not equal in‑service properties due to installation and thermal gradients.
Applications
- Specification and procurement of monolithic refractory products for furnaces, kilns, boilers, incinerators and other high‑temperature equipment.
- Quality control, batch homogeneity checks and product designation in manufacturing and testing laboratories.
- Guidance for refractory engineers, materials scientists, plant maintenance, installers and specifiers when selecting castables, gunning mixes, ramming and jointing materials.
Related Standards
- Supersedes EN 1402‑1:2003; normative reference includes ISO 565 (test sieves).
- ISO 1927 series: Parts 2–8 cover sampling, characterization, consistency, test piece preparation, physical properties, shaped items and complementary tests.
Keywords: monolithic refractory products, unshaped refractory, EN ISO 1927-1:2012, castables, gunning materials, deflocculated castable, refractory classification, refractory bonds.