Overview
IEC 61375-1:2026 is the fourth edition of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard that establishes the general architecture for train communication networks (TCN), focusing on electronic railway equipment. This standard is specifically intended for open trains, addressing how data communication should be structured between vehicles, within individual vehicles, and from train to ground systems. By defining core architectural principles, IEC 61375-1:2026 enables interoperability among vehicles in international railway operations, enhancing flexibility, safety, and operational effectiveness in modern rail networks.
As the backbone of railway data communication, the standard supports developments in networking technologies, including the use of Ethernet, wireless communication, and cybersecurity measures, reflecting the growing need for robust, scalable, and secure train communication solutions.
Key Topics
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Hierarchical Network Structure
- Definition of TCN as a two-tier system with a train backbone and consist networks for seamless data interchange across connected rail vehicles.
- Rules for interfacing consist networks (vehicle-level networks) with the train backbone (network interlinking vehicles).
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Network Topologies
- Extension of train backbone topologies to support both aggregated and segregated arrangements.
- Support for various consist network configurations, including bus and switched architectures.
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Advanced Connectivity
- Introduction of wireless technologies for both train backbone and consist networks, facilitating reliable connections in modern and legacy train sets.
- Possibility for deploying virtual networks within the TCN architecture, increasing network flexibility and efficiency.
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Data Classes and Protocol Requirements
- Classification of data and definition of protocol requirements suitable for operational management and telematic services (OMTS).
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Cybersecurity Integration
- Inclusion of dedicated guidelines and requirements for cybersecurity to safeguard communication channels against unauthorized access and cyberattacks.
- Lifecycle approach to security considerations, from design to maintenance.
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Compatibility and Interoperability
- Recommendations for ensuring compatibility between train backbone and consist networks.
- Allowance for use in closed trains and multiple unit trains through purchaser-supplier agreement.
Applications
IEC 61375-1:2026 applies extensively across the railway industry, offering practical benefits in the following scenarios:
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International Freight and Passenger Transport
- Ensures interoperability between rolling stock from different manufacturers and operators, simplifying international rail traffic management.
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Modernization and Upgrades
- Supports integration of new technologies, such as wireless backbones and switched networks, into existing fleets, promoting future-proof solutions.
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Safety and Security
- Facilitates implementation of standardized cybersecurity measures, enhancing overall system resilience and trackside-to-train data confidentiality.
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Operational Efficiency
- Enables real-time data exchange for operational and multimedia services, supporting functions like propulsion control, diagnostics, passenger information, and onboard entertainment.
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Procurement and System Design
- Provides a common technical foundation for tendering processes, helping suppliers and buyers align on train communication system requirements.
Related Standards
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IEC 61375 Series
- Subsequent parts provide detailed specifications for train backbone communication (IEC 61375-2) and consist network implementations (IEC 61375-3).
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IEC 62443
- Cybersecurity standards referenced for implementing protection measures within railway communication systems.
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CLC/TS 50701
- Technical specifications regarding railway cybersecurity, referenced for terminology and best security practices.
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IEC 60050-811
- Offers essential terms and vocabulary for understanding railway communication networks.
Adopting IEC 61375-1:2026 ensures that railway communication networks are interoperable, scalable, and secure, supporting both current and next-generation rail systems around the world.