ISO 1518-1:2023 PDF

Paints and varnishes — Determination of scratch resistance — Part 1: Constant-loading method

Title (English):

ISO 1518-1:2023

Paints and varnishes — Determination of scratch resistance — Part 1: Constant-loading method

Document status:: Active
Format:: Electronic (PDF)
Number of pages:: 9
Publication date:: February 3, 2023
Edition:: ISO IS 1518 edition 3 version 1
ICS:: 87.040

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Description (English):

This document specifies a test method for determining, under defined conditions, the resistance of a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product to penetration, by scratching with a scratch stylus loaded with a specified load. The stylus penetrates to the substrate, except in the case of a multi-coat system, in which case the stylus can penetrate either to the substrate or to an intermediate coat. The method specified can be carried out: a) either as a “pass/fail” test, by testing with a single specified load applied to the stylus to assess conformity with a particular specification; or b) as an assessment test by applying increasing loads to the stylus to determine the minimum load at which the coating is penetrated. NOTE Neither this document nor ISO 1518-2 specifies a method using a curved stylus, which is specified in ISO 12137. The choice between the three methods depends on the particular practical problem.

Technical details

Technical committee: ISO/TC 35/SC 9 - General test methods for paints and varnishes
SKU: ISO 1518-1:2023

Abstract

Overview

ISO 1518-1:2023 - Paints and varnishes - Determination of scratch resistance - Part 1: Constant-loading method specifies a standardized laboratory test to quantify how a single coating or a multi-coat paint/varnish system resists penetration by a loaded scratch stylus. The method can be used as a pass/fail test at a single specified load or as an assessment test by increasing loads to determine the minimum load that causes penetration.

Key topics and technical requirements

Test principle: A hemispherical stylus is drawn across the coating at a constant speed under a specified load until penetration occurs or the scratch is complete.
Loads and increments: Test load range 1 N to 20 N, adjustable in 0.5 N steps; maximum permissible error 0.2 N.
Stylus geometry: Defined hemispherical tip types and sizes (hard-metal HM3.0, HM1.0, HM0.75, HM0.5 and synthetic-ruby SR1.0, SR0.5 with diameters ±0.01 mm).
Apparatus and motion: Panel moved relative to stylus at (35 ± 5) mm/s; minimum scratch length 40 mm; lowering ramp angle (12.5 ± 2.5)°.
Test panels and substrate: Conductive metallic panels 0.7–1.0 mm thick, preferably 200 × 100 mm, prepared per ISO 1514.
Conditioning and environment: Drying/aging per manufacturer; condition at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH for ≥16 h before testing.
Evaluation: Visual inspection with at least ×4 magnification; optional electrical indicating device for penetration (not suitable for paints with conductive pigments or non-metallic substrates).
Procedures:
- Pass/fail: three repeats on each of two panels (six runs total).
- Minimum load: start below expected failure load, increase until penetration; report lowest of three determinations.
Reporting: Include coating application method, drying/stoving conditions, film thickness (per ISO 2808), and test parameters.

Practical applications

Quality control and batch acceptance for industrial coatings, automotive finishes, furniture lacquers, protective paints and varnishes.
Performance benchmarking for coating development and R&D to compare scratch resistance across formulations.
Specifying acceptance criteria in procurement and conformity assessment (useful when a specific load threshold is required).
Failure analysis and durability testing of multi-coat systems where intermediate-coat penetration behavior matters.

Who should use this standard

Coating and varnish manufacturers and formulators
Independent test laboratories and QA/QC teams
Automotive, aerospace, marine and architectural specifiers
Coatings R&D and product development engineers
Certification bodies and procurement/spec writers

Related standards

ISO 1518-2 (other scratch methods) and ISO 12137 (curved stylus method)
ISO 1513, ISO 1514, ISO 2808, ISO 4618, ISO 13076, ISO 15528 - referenced for sample preparation, panels, film thickness, terminology, lighting and sampling.

Keywords: ISO 1518-1:2023, scratch resistance, constant-loading method, paints and varnishes, scratch stylus, pass/fail test, minimum load, coating penetration, test standard.

Related standards

Standards mentioned in the description

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Test principle: A hemispherical stylus is drawn across the coating at a constant speed under a specified load until penetration occurs or the scratch is complete.
Loads and increments: Test load range 1 N to 20 N, adjustable in 0.5 N steps; maximum permissible error 0.2 N.
Stylus geometry: Defined hemispherical tip types and sizes (hard-metal HM3.0, HM1.0, HM0.75, HM0.5 and synthetic-ruby SR1.0, SR0.5 with diameters ±0.01 mm).
Apparatus and motion: Panel moved relative to stylus at (35 ± 5) mm/s; minimum scratch length 40 mm; lowering ramp angle (12.5 ± 2.5)°.
Test panels and substrate: Conductive metallic panels 0.7–1.0 mm thick, preferably 200 × 100 mm, prepared per ISO 1514.
Conditioning and environment: Drying/aging per manufacturer; condition at (23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % RH for ≥16 h before testing.
Evaluation: Visual inspection with at least ×4 magnification; optional electrical indicating device for penetration (not suitable for paints with conductive pigments or non-metallic substrates).
Procedures:
- Pass/fail: three repeats on each of two panels (six runs total).
- Minimum load: start below expected failure load, increase until penetration; report lowest of three determinations.
Reporting: Include coating application method, drying/stoving conditions, film thickness (per ISO 2808), and test parameters.

Practical applications

Quality control and batch acceptance for industrial coatings, automotive finishes, furniture lacquers, protective paints and varnishes.
Performance benchmarking for coating development and R&D to compare scratch resistance across formulations.
Specifying acceptance criteria in procurement and conformity assessment (useful when a specific load threshold is required).
Failure analysis and durability testing of multi-coat systems where intermediate-coat penetration behavior matters.

Who should use this standard

Coating and varnish manufacturers and formulators
Independent test laboratories and QA/QC teams
Automotive, aerospace, marine and architectural specifiers
Coatings R&D and product development engineers
Certification bodies and procurement/spec writers

Related standards

ISO 1518-2 (other scratch methods) and ISO 12137 (curved stylus method)
ISO 1513, ISO 1514, ISO 2808, ISO 4618, ISO 13076, ISO 15528 - referenced for sample preparation, panels, film thickness, terminology, lighting and sampling.

Keywords: ISO 1518-1:2023, scratch resistance, constant-loading method, paints and varnishes, scratch stylus, pass/fail test, minimum load, coating penetration, test standard.

ISO 1518-1:2023 PDF

Technical details

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Practical applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

Abstract

Overview

Key topics and technical requirements

Practical applications

Who should use this standard

Related standards

Related standards

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