Overview
ISO 16857:2013 - Ships and marine technology - Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships - Shackles - defines the types, basic parameters, technical requirements, marking, storage/transportation, use and maintenance of shackles used as loose gear on shipboard lifting appliances. The standard is intended for any shackle supplied or used for marine lifting and rigging applications and complements general requirements for loose gear in ISO 16855.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and types: Specifies Dee (D) and Bow (B) shackles and pin types W, X, Y. Example model designations: S-DW20 (Dee, Type W, 20 t SWL) or S-BX20 (Bow, Type X, 20 t SWL).
- Materials: Accepts solid steel from Martin, electric or oxygen converters; electroslag remelting recommended. Chemical composition limits are given for carbon and carbon‑manganese steels (C ~0.17–0.24%, Mn up to ~1.50%, low P/S, minimum Al).
- Mechanical properties: Tensile strength, yield and elongation ranges are specified by material and section size (see standard for full Table 2). Special low‑temperature impact testing is required when design temperature < −10 °C, as per certification bodies.
- Manufacture: Forging from seamless solid blanks; pins machined from bars; pinholes must be coaxial; heat treatment after forging (no more than three cycles).
- Surface/internal quality: Smooth, defect‑free surfaces; defects must not be rewelded; thread fit per ISO 261 (6g/6H).
- Testing:
- Proof test on every shackle: load applied for ≥5 minutes. Proof load (PL) = 2 × SWL for SWL ≤ 245 kN; for SWL > 245 kN, PL = 1.22 × SWL + 196 (kN).
- Static strength test (type or on request): ultimate load = 4 × SWL, 5 minutes; no breakage or loss of bearing capacity allowed.
- Marking: Permanent stamp with SWL (t), test date, shackle number and manufacturer/test unit stamp; marks located near pinholes.
- Storage & transport: Machined surfaces coated with anti‑rust oil; other surfaces painted; secure packaging to avoid collisions.
- Use & maintenance: Pre‑use checks for wear, moving parts, loose pins/nuts, cracks or heat damage. Remove or scrap shackles when defects exceed limits (e.g., worn diameter or corroded thread thresholds cited in the standard).
Applications and users
ISO 16857:2013 is primarily used by:
- Shipbuilders, naval architects and marine equipment manufacturers specifying or procuring forged shackles for shipboard cranes, winches and hoists.
- Rigging and deck‑machinery suppliers, classification societies, ship operators, port and offshore lifting contractors.
- Inspection and maintenance personnel performing pre‑use checks, testing and record keeping for marine lifting gear.
Related standards
- ISO 2415 - Forged shackles for general lifting purposes - Dee shackles and bow shackles
- ISO 16855 - Ships and marine technology - Loose gear of lifting appliances on ships - General requirements
Keywords: ISO 16857:2013, shackles, loose gear, lifting appliances on ships, marine lifting, SWL, proof load, forged shackles, inspection and maintenance.