Overview
ISO 31110:2020 - Wheeled child conveyances: Pushchairs and prams - Requirements and test methods - specifies safety requirements and standardized test methods for pushchairs and prams intended to transport one or more children up to three years of age (average weight of a three‑year‑old ≈ 15 kg). The standard excludes toys, sport pushchairs, motor‑propelled models, and products designed specifically for children with special needs. It also notes that other standards may apply when a product has multiple functions or convertible parts.
Key topics
The standard is comprehensive and covers both design and test protocols. Major technical topics include:
- General requirements and test conditions (sample selection, most onerous condition, tolerances).
- Protected volume and occupant space definitions for seat units and pram bodies.
- Test equipment specifications (test masses A–G, finger and conical probes, angle measuring device, test ball, hinged board, small‑parts cylinder, test surface, irregular-surface rigs).
- Chemical hazards (migration of elements, phthalates, azo colourants, formaldehyde, flame retardants).
- Thermal hazards and mechanical hazards (moving parts, entrapment, shearing, crushing, choking/ingestion, suffocation).
- Restraint systems and fasteners, parking/braking devices, stability and structural integrity tests (dynamic strength, wheel and handle strength).
- Durability and adhesion of marking and packaging requirements.
Practical applications
ISO 31110:2020 is used to:
- Guide product designers and engineers in developing safe pushchairs and prams that address occupant protection, stability, and mechanical integrity.
- Provide test laboratories with standardized test methods and equipment specifications for conformity assessment.
- Support manufacturers and quality teams in risk‑based design decisions (restraint systems, wheel strength, locking mechanisms).
- Inform procurement, retailers, and safety regulators about applicable safety criteria for wheeled child conveyances.
Who should use this standard
- Manufacturers and product designers of pushchairs and prams
- Test laboratories and conformity assessment bodies
- Regulatory authorities and consumer safety officers
- Retailers and procurement specialists requiring documented safety verification
Related standards
The scope notes that other relevant standards can apply when a pushchair/pram has several functions or is convertible (for example, when integrated with car‑seats or accessory systems). Users should review adjacent ISO/IEC or regional standards relevant to child restraints and childcare articles to ensure full compliance.
Keywords: ISO 31110:2020, pushchairs and prams, wheeled child conveyances, safety requirements, test methods, restraint system, stability tests, chemical hazards.