Overview
ISO/TR 13195:2015 - "Selected illustrations of response surface method - Central composite design" - is a Technical Report that explains how to plan, conduct and analyse Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experiments using Central Composite Designs (CCD). The report provides a generic description of CCDs and illustrates the methodology with four detailed, real-world examples across agriculture, consumer products, semiconductors and chemical synthesis. It is intended to help practitioners identify, model and optimize quantitative factor settings to improve a chosen response.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Scope and purpose: Steps to understand RSM and to analyse data collected with CCDs; finding factor settings that optimize the response.
- Definitions and symbols: Standardized terms (experiment, response variable, predictor variable, model, factor, run, residual error) consistent with ISO practice.
- Structure of a CCD:
- Factorial runs (coded ±1)
- Star (axial) runs (coded ±α) to estimate quadratic terms
- Centre runs (coded 0) for pure error estimation and model checking
- Coding of factor levels (natural → coded) and software coding alternatives; note on face‑centred CCD (levels −1, 0, +1) and rotatability considerations
- Design planning: identification of response(s), selection of controllable factors and levels, measurement-system considerations, randomization and layout planning.
- Analysis and presentation: numerical summaries, graphical displays, model-fitting diagnostics and confirmation runs to validate optimal settings.
- Supporting material: four informative annexes with worked examples and an annex with background on response surface designs.
Practical applications and target users
ISO/TR 13195:2015 is useful for:
- Statisticians and data scientists working on experimental design and modelling
- Process and quality engineers in manufacturing, semiconductor fabrication and chemical processes
- R&D scientists in agriculture, consumer products and catalysts development
- Six Sigma and continuous improvement practitioners using DOE/RSM to optimize product and process performance
Typical applications include process optimization, product formulation, yield improvement and sensitivity analysis where a small set of quantitative factors governs a measurable outcome.
Related standards (if applicable)
- ISO 3534-3:2013 - statistical vocabulary and related definitions referenced throughout the report
- Work produced under ISO/TC 69 (Applications of statistical methods), Subcommittee SC 7 (Six Sigma and statistical techniques)
Keywords: ISO/TR 13195:2015, Response Surface Methodology, RSM, Central Composite Design, CCD, design of experiments, DOE, factorial runs, star points, centre runs, experiment optimization.