Overview
ISO/TR 13393:2009 - Welding consumables - Hardfacing classification - Microstructures provides a systematic, composition- and microstructure‑based classification for hardfacing deposits produced by fusion welding. The Technical Report defines a designation scheme for consumable form (electrode, tubular-cored electrode, wire/rod, powder), alloy base (Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, W), and microstructure type (for example E‑H‑Fe‑FS). It covers both iron‑base and non‑ferrous hardfacing microstructures and includes illustrative maps and examples to link composition ranges with expected as‑welded microstructures.
Key Topics
- Designation system: Format E H XX XXX (electrode/hardfacing/alloy base/microstructure) to standardize labels for hardfacing consumables.
- Iron‑base microstructure groups: About 17 typical Fe‑based categories (e.g., Fe‑FS ferritic with second phase; Fe‑M1 low‑alloy martensite; Fe‑MK martensite with alloy carbides; Fe‑NE near‑eutectic). Table summaries give typical composition ranges, as‑welded microstructure and hardness, heat‑treatment response, and qualitative wear/corrosion performance.
- Example data from the Report: Fe‑FS (≤0.3 % C, ≤6 % alloying) typically 200–400 HB; Fe‑M1 (0.3–0.8 % C, ≤6 % alloying) typically 450–600 HB.
- Composition–microstructure mapping: Carbon vs total alloying elements diagram to identify likely microstructural groupings and to illustrate transitional/overlap regions.
- Non‑ferrous groups: Classification and descriptions for Co, Ni, Cu and W‑based hardfacing (e.g., Co‑CS solid solution, Ni‑NS nickel solid solution, W‑Ni tungsten carbide in Ni matrix).
- Practical annexes: Informative material on types of wear and severity (Annex A), factors governing wear resistance (Annex B), abrasive‑wear test methods (Annex C), and practical guidance for selection/use (Annex D).
Applications and Who Uses It
ISO/TR 13393 is aimed at professionals involved in specifying, selecting or producing hardfacing consumables and welded overlays:
- Welding and materials engineers selecting overlay alloys based on required wear resistance and hardfacing microstructure.
- Consumable manufacturers standardizing product designations and technical data.
- Specifiers and procurement writing material and procurement specifications for repair or wear protection.
- Asset owners and maintenance teams evaluating options for build‑up, metal‑to‑metal wear protection (pulleys, idlers, gears) and abrasive wear mitigation.
Practical value: the standard helps match alloy composition and microstructure to expected hardness, wear behaviour and machinability - supporting more consistent, performance‑based hardfacing choices.
Related Standards
ISO/TR 13393 complements other ISO and industry standards on welding consumables, welding procedures and wear testing. Users should consult relevant ISO welding and tribology standards and national guidance for testing protocols and qualification requirements.