Overview
ISO/TR 4447:2022 - "Intelligent transport systems - Mobility integration - Comparison of two mainstream integrated mobility concepts" - is a Technical Report from ISO/TC 204 that documents and compares the two leading integrated mobility approaches: Mobility as a Service (MaaS) and Mobility on Demand (MOD). Based on a literature review, the report describes core services, role-and-responsibility models, and maps similarities that could help bridge and converge the two concepts toward interoperable, world‑wide integrated mobility solutions.
Key topics and technical focus
The report focuses on high‑level service and role descriptions rather than prescriptive norms. Key technical topics include:
- Roles and responsibilities in MaaS and MOD ecosystems (e.g., MaaS providers, MOD operators, transport operators, customers, data providers, payment/ticketing providers, ICT infrastructure, regulators).
- Core services and service-level comparison - how basic mobility services are offered, combined and consumed across the two concepts.
- Data and APIs - the need for secure, dynamic data exchange (real‑time transport status, capacity, and analytics) via interoperable APIs.
- Payment and ticketing integration - pay-as-you-go, common transport service accounts (CTSA), and single‑interface user access.
- Dynamic journey planning - multiservice, real‑time routing and optimization across modes.
- System views for future standardization - proposed enterprise, functional and physical views, and a recommendation to standardize data needed by integrated mobility concepts.
Note: ISO/TR 4447:2022 contains no normative references; it is a state‑of‑the‑art comparison and identifies issues for further standardization.
Practical applications and target users
ISO/TR 4447:2022 is useful for:
- Transport authorities and public transit agencies planning MaaS/MOD strategies, procurement and regulatory frameworks.
- Mobility platform developers and system integrators designing APIs, data models, payment/ticketing integration and dynamic journey planners.
- Private mobility operators and MaaS/MOD providers seeking role clarity, business ecosystem mapping and interoperability approaches.
- Policy makers and regulators defining open standards, data governance and competitive market rules.
- Researchers and ITS professionals analyzing convergent mobility architectures and pilot evaluation criteria.
Practical uses include requirements scoping for pilots, role mapping in tenders, data‑sharing agreements, and clarifying integration points (APIs, ticketing, payments, real‑time feeds) between stakeholders.
Related standards and next steps
- Prepared by ISO/TC 204 (Intelligent transport systems).
- The report highlights the need for future standardization work on data models, APIs and unified enterprise/functional/physical views to support interoperability across MaaS and MOD ecosystems.
Keywords: ISO/TR 4447:2022, MaaS, MOD, integrated mobility, intelligent transport systems, interoperability, APIs, payment integration, dynamic journey planner.
Open preview (PDF)Intelligent transport systems — Mobility integration — Comparison of two mainstream integrated mobility concepts
