Overview
SIST EN 18204:2026 specifies standardized methods for the extraction and quantitative determination of the phycobiliproteins C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and allophycocyanin (APC) in dry samples of Arthrospira (commonly known as Spirulina), a widely studied cyanobacterium used in various industries. Developed by SIST under the guidance of CEN/TC 454 “Algae and algae products”, this standard supports laboratories in performing reliable and reproducible analyses of phycocyanin content in algae and algae-derived products.
Phycocyanin is a valuable pigment-protein found in Spirulina and is widely used for its antioxidant, coloring, and nutritional properties. Standardized determination of C-PC and APC content is essential for quality control, regulatory compliance, and product innovation within the food, feed, biotechnology, cosmetics, and nutraceutical sectors.
Key Topics
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Scope and Purpose
- Extraction, spectrophotometric quantification, and purity assessment of C-PC and APC in dry Spirulina (Arthrospira/Limnospira) samples.
- Enables reporting of accurate concentrations and yields by analytical laboratories.
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Sample Handling and Preparation
- Standardized guidelines for storage, homogeneity testing, and pre-treatment of dry biomass (oven-dried, freeze-dried, or spray-dried).
- References established preparatory methods for ensuring sample consistency.
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Extraction and Analytical Procedures
- Detailed instructions for buffer preparation, sample extraction using freeze–thaw cycles, and precautions to prevent pigment degradation.
- Use of vortexing, magnetic stirring, and centrifugation to obtain clear supernatant for analysis.
- Spectrophotometric measurement at specific wavelengths (280, 615, and 652 nm) for both C-PC and APC, with calculation formulas provided.
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Purity and Quality Criteria
- Purity indexes for food, reagent, and analytical grade phycocyanin based on absorbance ratios.
- Interlaboratory reproducibility requirements to ensure the comparability of results.
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Result Reporting
- Mandated documentation of methodologies, sample identification, results, and any deviations, ensuring transparency and traceability.
Applications
The standardized determination of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin content in Spirulina is crucial for multiple sectors:
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Food and Beverage Industry
- Quality assurance and regulatory compliance for Spirulina-based ingredients, natural colorants, and supplements.
- Verification of pigment content for labeling and nutritional claims.
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Feed and Aquaculture
- Support risk assessment and quality control for algae-based feed additives, ensuring consistent bioactive compound delivery.
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Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals
- Characterization and quality verification of bioactive ingredients in formulations using Spirulina extracts.
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Biotechnology and Research
- Provides reliable methods for process development, biorefinery, and academic studies on cyanobacterial pigments.
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Sustainability and Bioeconomy
- Facilitates traceability and value assessment for algae products, supporting the circular bioeconomy and sustainable sourcing initiatives.
Related Standards
Organizations and laboratories implementing SIST EN 18204:2026 may also reference the following standards for complementary procedures and terminology:
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EN 17399: Algae and algae products - Vocabulary
Establishes definitions for terms used in the algae industry and standardization.
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EN 17605: Algae and algae products – Methods of sampling and analysis – Sample treatment
Provides guidelines for handling, sampling, and treating algae samples prior to analysis.
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Other Relevant Standards:
- Methods for protein purification, photometric analysis, and product characterization in food and feed.
- National and international regulations regarding natural pigments and food additives.
Implementing SIST EN 18204:2026 enhances analytical consistency, product transparency, and trust in the rapidly growing algae and blue-green algae products market. Accurate phycocyanin determination brings scientific credibility and supports commercial innovation across the bio-based economy.