Overview
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 (adopted by CEN) is the international vocabulary standard for additive manufacturing (AM). It establishes and defines the core terms used across AM technologies that build three-dimensional (3D) geometries by successive addition of material. The second edition (2021) updates and expands terminology, process category abbreviations, and includes an annex for identifying AM processes by determining characteristics. This standard replaces the 2017 edition and is intended to harmonize language across industry, research and regulation.
Key Topics
- Fundamental definitions: clear, standardized definitions for terms such as additive manufacturing, 3D printer, AM machine, additive system, AM machine user, single‑step and multi‑step process.
- Process categories: classification and abbreviations for major AM process families (examples in the standard: binder jetting, powder bed fusion, material extrusion, etc.).
- Processing domains: terminology covering general processing, data workflows, positioning/coordinates/orientation, materials and material handling, and process‑specific terms (e.g., powder bed fusion or binder jetting vocabulary).
- Parts and properties: standardized terms related to parts, applications, properties and evaluation methods used across AM workflows.
- Annexes:
- Annex A (normative): identification of AM processes based on process categories and determining characteristics.
- Annex B (informative): basic principles including discussion of additive vs subtractive and formative approaches.
- Scope and use: no normative references; focuses on vocabulary to enable consistent global communication.
Applications
EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2021 is practical for anyone working with or specifying AM systems and deliverables:
- Engineers and designers documenting AM parts and processes
- Machine manufacturers and material/feedstock suppliers standardizing product information
- Quality, procurement and compliance teams writing specifications, contracts or test plans
- Researchers, educators and trainers teaching AM fundamentals and terminology
- Regulators and certification bodies aligning definitions for safety, conformity and trade
Using this vocabulary standard reduces ambiguity in technical documentation, procurement specifications, regulatory texts and cross‑disciplinary collaborations.
Related Standards
- Developed by ISO/TC 261 in cooperation with ASTM Committee F42 and adopted by CEN (EN ISO/ASTM 52900:2021).
- Intended to be used alongside more specific AM standards (process, materials, tests and inspection standards) produced by ISO, ASTM and national bodies.
Keywords: additive manufacturing, AM standards, ISO/ASTM 52900, 3D printing terminology, process categories, vocabulary, powder bed fusion, binder jetting, material extrusion.